作文的基本格式一般为：(1)引言段(Introduction)，(2)正文段(Body)和(3)结尾段(Conclusion)。此节将以四级考试写作题型为框架，扼要地介绍各种题型的引言段、正文段和结尾段的结构和基本特点。

　　一、引言段

　　引言段用于确定文章的讨论范围并揭示文章主题，交代文章的写作目的。这一段往往用来表明作者的观点或看法，但要注意不应对主题深入讨论或阐述，否则后面的正文论述就会显得罗嗦。各类作文引言段示例：

　　1. 主题句作文人人听力网

　　The Role of Computers

　　The computer is a great invention of this century. Ever since the first computer was brought into being, this invention has greatly changed our ways of working and living. Without computers, a lot of things would become impossible. The world would not be what it is today.

　　2. 提纲作文

　　On Choosing Career

　　(1) 有些人认为家长有责任为孩子计划将来的职业;

　　(2) 孩子们认为应该由自己决定将来从事的工作;

　　(3) 谈谈你的看法。

　　Generally parents consider it their responsibility planning careers for their children. They claim that they know their children well enough to decide what kind of jobs suits them. Hoping that their children will go in for professions that will bring them prestige and money, many parents think that their children are too young and inexperienced to see this themselves. For these reasons, many parents insist that their children should obey them in choosing careers.

　　3. 图表作文

　　Commercial

　　14% Industry

　　Residential 41%

　　19%

　　Transportation

　　26%

　　U.S ENERGY USE

　　Energy Use in the U.S.A.

　　The pie chart shows the energy use in the United States. From the pie chart, we can have an overall understanding of the situation of energy use in the United States.

　　4. 看图作文

　　Three Monks

　　Having had a hot quarrel about who should go to fetch water, the three monks dropped the barrel and the pole, and sat down on the floor of the old temple, with their backs to each other and no intention to move.

　　5. 关键词作文

　　City and Countryside

　　Key Words: similarities, differences, environment, education, transportation, entertainment, colorful, boring, narrow the gap, public health services

　　Although there are some similarities between the city and the countryside, there still exist great differences between them in the following fields.

　　6. 标题作文

　　y.

　　5. 关键词作文

　　City and Countryside

　　Key Words: similarities, differences, e

　　o nobody’s responsibility. To achieve accomplishments, we need teamwork and selfless contribution.

　　5. 关键词作文

　　City and Countryside

　　Key Words: similarities, differences, environ