From the information above, which of the following can be most reasonably inferred about…
六、 结论(Conclusion):
这类考题主要考查我们根据文章中的论据能提出什么合乎逻辑的主张的能力,这类题往往腻和这些方式:
If the statements above are true, which of the following conclusions can be properly drawn?
Choose the most logical completion for the following paragraph.
Which of the following would provide the most logical conclusion for the preceding paragraph?
The statements in the passage, if true, best support which of the following conclusions?
七、中心思想:
这类题主要考查我们理解文章要点的能力,这类题往往用如下措词:
The statement cited above conveys which of the following propositions?
The passage above emphasizes which of the following points?
The author in the passage above argues that…
Which of the following expresses the point the author of the passage above makes?
八、解释(Explain):
这类题主要考查我们解释某外现象、结果或缓解某种矛盾的能力,这类题往往用这些方式:
Which of the following hypotheses, if true, would help resolve the apparent paradox introduced above?
If all of the statements above are correct, an explanation of their apparent contradiction of provided by…
Which of the following, if true, provides the most logical completion of the passage below?
九、应用:
这类题主要考查我们将一个论点的指导性原则用于另一论点的能力,这类题可能性用如下措词:
Which of the following parallels the method of argumentation above?
The argument above is most like which of the following?
Which of the following suffers from a flaw that, in its logical aspects, is most like the difficulty described above?
Which of the following identifies a flaw in the speaker’s reasoning?
十、技法:
这类题主要考查我们识别论点的结构方法或技法的能力,这类题可能用如下措词:
The author’s point is made primarily by…
The labor negotiator minimizes his differences with management by…
The passage above criticizes the authorities by…
十一、划线句子作用:
这类题主要考查我们论点构建中的某句话对结论或前提是否起作用或起什么作用的能力。
逻辑推理考题由段落(图表)、问题、五个选项构成,做题思维的第一重点是明晰问题目的。根据上面所列出的问题目的的类型,结合美国GRE、GMAT和LSAT中各类问法的考查频率,针对中国考生的思维特点,作者将考题分为假设、支持、反对、评价、归纳(包括推断、结论、中心思想等)、解释、逻辑应用与技法(包括Flaw、应用、技法、划线句子作用等)七大类。当然,我们读完本书后将会发现,在很多情况下,假设、支持、反对与评价都是让你从下面的五个选项中选择一个答案,放到上面的段落中,以达到问题目的的要求。边四类考题在解题思维方法上的共性都是“自下而上”,并且段落所面临的推理只是有待评价的推理;有时,假设题的解题思路与推断题的解题思路完全一样;有时,完成段落题有两个答案方向,一种答案方向是对段落推理的解释(可归入解释题型),另一种答案方向是从段落推理中得出的结论(可归入归纳题型)。因此,我们不应仅仅拘泥于上述七种分类,在对待问题目的类型上,“运用之妙,存乎一心”,切不可胶柱鼓瑟,生硬地对号入座,这一点会在本书后面详细论述。英语作文
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