2009年成考英语同义词剖析一

作文地带核心提示: forbid ban prohibit都含禁止的意思。forbid系常用词,指命令某人不做某事, 如:The tor forbids him to smoke.医生禁止他吸烟。ban forbid ban prohibit

都含禁止的意思。

forbid系常用词,指命令某人不做某事, 如:

The tor forbids him to smoke.

医生禁止他吸烟。

ban 语气较重,指权威机关正式禁止,含严厉谴责之意,只能用事物作其宾语,如:

Ban atomic and nuclear weapons!禁止原子武器和核武器!

prohibit指通过法律或政府法令禁止, 如:

The soldiers were prohibited from leaving camp after dark.

天黑后士兵不准离开营房。

permit allow let

都含准许的意思。

permit 和 allow 在许多情况下可以通用,但它较 allow 正式,含有积极地、从正面地允许的意义,如:They don‘t permit you to smoke.

他们不允许你抽烟。

allow 指并不反对或不加阻止, 偏重默许或听任,含义较消极,如:

Each passenger is allowed twenty -five kilogrammes of luggage.

每位旅客允许携带二十五公斤的行李。

let 是三个词中最不正式的,较口语化,而语意最弱,指给予可能或同意,有时含难以阻止或限制之意, 如:

Let him wait.

让他等一等。

Let ,allow, permit,grant这组动词都有允许或让的意思。

let 是个普通词,常要求复合宾语,在不定式作宾语补足语时,总省去不定式符号to,有时在一定的上下文中可省去宾语补足语:let,allow这两个动词都有让或允许的意思,仔细研究后可以看到许多情况下,这两个词并不能通用。let 所表示的允许含有不阻止(notto prevent)的意思

Let‘s go into the garage and have a look at it.

咱们到修配厂去看看吧。

She said her future husband would not let her make another film.

她说她的未婚夫不会让她再拍电影了。(此句用would not let,意思是阻止)

When the bull got close to him,he clumsily stepped aside to let it pass.

当公牛接近了他时,他笨拙地向一旁一闪,把公牛让了过去。

Then he sits and barks until someone lets him out.

然后它坐着吠叫,直到有人把它放出去为止。

The third baseman let the ball roll between his feet.

第三名垒手让球从他的两只脚之间滚了过去。

而allow所表示的允许含有容忍(forbearance of prohibition)的意思

Please allow me to introduce Mr Brown to you.

请允许我把布朗先生向你介绍一下。

Now we are not allowed to touch it.

现在是不让我们碰一碰它的。

注:let somebody do something(让某人做某事)作宾语补足语的不定式省去to,而allow somebody to do something(让某人做某事)作宾语补足语的不定式带to.allow与permit也可以用于allow(permit)somebody to do something的句子结构, 但也可以要求简单宾语或表示行为的名词作宾语。这三个词都能表示没能阻止或不去阻止,但是let并不包含allow和permit所共有的这层含义:有能力、有权威不去禁止或不去防止某事,有时表示由于笨拙疏忽而放过去

The teacher allows too much noise in the classroom

那位老师听任教室内有过分的嘈杂声。

He should have known that the police would never allow this sort of thing.

他应该知道,警察是不会允许这种事情的。

The dogs have greater freedom too,for they are allowed to wander outside their enclosure.

那些狗也有了较大的自由,因为允许它们在栅栏外面到处跑跑。

而permit又不包含allow的这样一层含义:克制着自己不去禁止,而allow却不包含permit的这样的含义:同意或者默许[page]分页标题#e#

We do not allow (or permit)gambling.

我们不允许赌博;

grant 所表示的允许包含这样的意思:上级就下级的要求,把自认为是一种恩惠或权利给予别人

He requested that the premier grant him an internview.

他要求那位总理接见他一次。

Permission was granted and a policeman accompanied him to a call-box.

获得了许可后,一名警察陪他来到公用电话亭。

composed of men of the same nationality or who spoke a common language.

法令指出连队应当尽可能地由同一民族的人或操同一语言的人组成

lift raise elevate

都含举起的意思。

lift 指用体力或机械力把某物从地面举到一定的高度,如:

She can lift a pail of water from the ground.

她能把一桶水提起来。

raise 与Lift 可换用,但着重垂直高举或将物件由较低处移至较高处的适宜位置,以发挥应有的作用, 如:

raise a flag.

升旗。

elevate 指提高(嗓子、思想等),如:

Good reading elevates the mind.

阅读好书可使思想高尚。

lift,raise, rear,elevate,hoist 这组动词的一般含义是提起,举起.

lift 强调提升很重的或者抬起比较重的东西,当用于比喻时,可以指雄伟高大的建筑物或大山的高耸入云

The dish now had to be lifted vertically because one edge was resting against the side of the canal.

现在必须垂直着提升馅饼盘,因为盘的一边靠在运河的侧面上。

raise 在用于提升的意义时,可包含费力也可能不包含费力,但总带有垂直提升的意思;在用于比喻时,可以表示喂羊家畜、家禽,照料农作物的生长,募集资金,抬募军队,养育儿童等

…there was tremendous excitement on board when a chest was raised from the bottom……。

当从海底提上来一只箱子时,船上出现了极为兴奋的场面。

Our vicar is always raising money for one cause or another.

我们的牧师老是在为这桩或那桩事募款。

rear和raise在文学语言中常互换使用。在表示养育儿童时,rear 为美国南方各州惯用词

She bore three children and reared (or reaised) two of them.

她生过三个孩子,养大了两个。

elevate 一般具有lift和raise的含义,但elevate 常用于抽象概念的提高,如提高文学鉴赏力,提高情操等

Good reading elerates the mind.

读好书可以提高情操。

hoist 尤指以机械提升重物

The cargo was soon hoisted into the ship.

贷物很快就被吊进船舱。

change,alter,vary,modify这组动词的一般含义是改变或变化.

change 是通用词,它有两层基本含义:变和换.变可以指和原来的样子或性质稍有不同,也可以指有本质的差异。

At first,she decided to go to the police,but fearing that she would never see Rastus again-the letter had made that quite clear-she changed her mind.

起初,她决定去警察局,但是她由于担心再也见不到拉斯特斯了-那封信说得相当清楚-她改变了主意。

He then changed into overalls and spent the next eight hours as a dustman.

然后他换上工装裤,作为清洁工人度过接下去的八小时。

alter 所表示的改变只是细节的,或外表的变化,并不表示本质的改变。如:把一件衣服改小一些或只把衣袖稍放肥一些,但衣服的式样仍然不变,这时用alter便很确当

He may gently reprimand an official or even suggest to parliament that a law be alltered.

他可以温和地指责一个官员,或者甚至建议议会修改法律条款。

vary 一般表示转换、变易、增生所致的变化或不同

The action he takes varies according to the nature of the complaint.

他所采取的行动,根据怨言的性质,而有所不同。

modify 主要用来表示有局限性的改变,当用于事物时,它所表示的改变,在程度上要大于 alter,在用于人的态度时,它仅仅表示略加修饰,并不含有很大的变化[page]分页标题#e#

The industrial revolution modified the whole structure of English society.

工业革命变革了英国的整个社会结构。

change alter vary

都含改变的意思

change 指使改变得与原物完全不同或使发生以新代旧的变化,如:

The appearance of the town is quite changed.

这个城镇的外观变化颇大。

alter 指局部的、外表的变化,但特点不变,如:

This coat should be altered.

这件外套应该改改。

vary 指不规则或连续地改变,如:

Customs vary with the times.

习俗随时代而异。

keep retain withhold reserve

都含保持、保存的意思。

keep 系常用词,指使继续下去使较长时期地置于不脱离控制、掌握、照料或变化之下, 如:

keep the room clean.

保持室内清洁。

retain 较正式,强调继续保持,特指保持使不失去或被夺走,如:

He has managed to retain most of his fortune.

他设法保存了他的大部分财产。

withhold 强调保留、隐匿,指阻止其离去或泄漏,如:

Fear made him withhold the truth.

恐惧使他不敢说实话。

reserve 指为一目的保持,或保存一段时间,如:

A great future is reserved for you.

光明的前程在等待着你。

remain stay

都指继续停留或继续保持某种状态、关系或行动。

remain 常可与stay 互换,但它强调继续停留于一处或保持原状态、情况性质而不改变, 如:

This place remains cool all summer.

这个地方整个夏天都凉爽。

stay强调某人[物]继续留在原地而不离开,如:

He stayed to see the end of the game.

他一直呆到比赛结束

ability,capacity,faculty,talent,skill,competence,aptitude

These nouns denote the qualities in a person that permit or facilitate achievement or accomplishment.

这些名词都表示某人具有取得进步或成功的素质。

Ability is the power,mental or physical,to do something:

Ability 是指智力或体力上具有做某事的能力:

To make a fortune some assistance from fate is essential. Ability alone is insufficient (Ihara Saikaku)。

要致富,光靠能力是不够的,还得看机遇 (伊哈拉。塞科古)。

Capacity refers to an innate potential for growth,development,or accomplishment:

Capacity 指天赋的,如生长、发展或成功的潜力:

Not by age but by capacity is wisdom acquired (Plautus)。

智慧的获得是依靠才能而不是年龄 (普洛提斯)。

Faculty denotes an inherent power or ability:

Faculty 指内在的力量或能力:

An unerring faculty for detecting hypocrisy is one of her most useful attributes.

能无误地看出伪善的能力是她身上最有用的特征之一。

Talent emphasizes inborn ability,especially in the arts:

Talent 强调天生的才能,尤其是在艺术方面:

There is no substitute for talent. Industry and all the virtues are of no avail (Aldous Huxley)。

勤奋及其他的品质都不能弥补天分的不足 (阿尔多斯。赫胥黎)。

Skill stresses ability that is acquired or developed through experience:

Skill 强调由经验而获得或发展的能力:

The intellect,character and skill possessed by any man are the product of certain original tendencies and the training which they have received (Edward L. Thorndike)。

任何人的知识、性格和能力都是由起初的兴趣加上后来接受的训练而得到的。 (爱德华L.桑戴克)。

Competence suggests the ability to do something satisfactorily but not necessarily outstandingly well:

Competence 指能做到使人满意但并不一定特别出众的能力:[page]分页标题[/page]

The concerto was performed by a violinist of unquestioned competence but limited imagination.

小提琴家所演奏的协奏曲毫无疑问是出色的,但是缺乏想像力。

Aptitude implies inherent capacity for learning,understanding,or performing:

Aptitude 暗指内在的学习、理解和表演的才能:

Even as a child he showed an unusual aptitude for mathematics.

甚至孩童时他就显露出非同一般的数学才能

形容词 complete 和 perfect 虽然都有完全的含义,但并非同义词,在许多情况下它们只是词义相近而已。

complete 的含义是完整无缺的、圆满的

He is a complete stranger to me.

我一点也不认识他。(可以和 perfect 换用)

Before long, the noise dropped completely

不久,那轰鸣声就完全消失了。

perfect 不仅可表示完整无缺、完全或纯粹,而且含有完美无缺、匀称或健全的含义,总之它可以表示尽善尽美.由上可见, perfect 可以表示 complete 的含义,而 complete 只能表示 perfect 的一部分含义。 但是, a complete stranger 和 a perfect stranger 没有什么差异,complete happiness 和 perfect happiness 都表示了美满的幸福.

But as they soon discovered,disguises can sometimes be too per fect.

正象他们不久就发现的那样,化装效果有时可能太完美无缺了。

It is a perfect alibi.

这完全是在开脱罪责。

It‘s a perfect stranger here.

我在这里完全是个陌生人。(可以换用 complete)

注:perfect 的同义词有 whole,entire;complete 的同义词有 full,plenary.

complete,close,end,finish,conclude,terminate

These verbs mean to bring or to come to a natural or proper stopping point.

这些动词都是指达到一个自然或适当的终点。

Complete suggests the final stage in bringing an undertaking to fruition:

Complete 暗指取得成功的最后一步:

Nothing worth doing is completed in our lifetime (Reinhold Niebuhr)。

我们这辈子连一件有意义的事也没完成 (莱因霍尔德。尼泊赫)。

Close applies to the ending of something ongoing or continuing:

Close 指正在进行的事件接近终点:

The orchestra closed the concert with an encore.

交响乐团在再来一次的欢呼声中结束了音乐会。

If there is a further falloff in ticket sales,the play will close.

如果门票销售进一步下跌,这个剧目就会停演。

End emphasizes finality:

End 强调结果:

We ended the meal with fruit and cheese.

我们最后吃的是水果和奶酪。

Where laws end,tyranny begins (William Pitt)。

哪里没有法制,暴政就从哪里开始 (威廉姆。皮特)。

Finish is sometimes interchangeable with complete:

Finish 有时可与complete互换:

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2009年成考英语同义词剖析一
《2009年成考英语同义词剖析一》
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