范文原文
The table below shows the figures for imprisonment in five countries between 1930 and 1980.
Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below.
The table shows that the figures for imprisonment in the five countries mentioned indicate no overall pattern of increase of decrease. In fact there is considerable fluctuation from country to country.
In Great Britain the numbers in prison have increased steadily from 30,000 in 1930 to 80,000 in 1980. On the other hand in Australia, and particularly in New Zealand, the numbers fell markedly from 1930 to 1940. Since then they have increased gradually, apart from in 1980 when the numbers in prison in New Zealand fell by about 30,000 from the 1970 total. Canada is the only in which the numbers in prison have decreased over the period 1930 to 1980, although there have been fluctuations in this trend. The figures for the United States indicate the greatest number of prisoners compared to the other four countries but population size needs to be taken into account in this analysis. The prison population in the United States increased rapidly from 1970 to 1980 and this must be worrying trend.
图表分析
要是在考场上看到这个图，估计想死的心都有了，这么多柱状图，弄得我眼花缭乱的，不过反映的信息倒是挺简单，无非是这样5个国家的犯罪情况，不过这个柱状图是在是不好看，我们先把它还原为表格，再将它绘制成反映时间变化趋势的线图。
表格
1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 Great Britain 30 30 41 59 75 80 Australia 70 50 50 70 75 52 New Zealand 100 55 58 65 75 65 United States 100 130 105 115 95 140 Canada 120 110 115 101 85 95
线图
线图上趋势明显多了，好吧，还是开始经典的X轴和Y轴分析吧
第一步：确定X轴和Y轴
柱状图
X1 有序变量 1930-1980
X2 无序变量 英国、澳大利亚、新西兰、美国、加拿大
Y 绝对变量 人数
第二步：分析图形
从X2轴来看
当X2为英国时
2 成上升趋势，1930 30到1980 80
当X2为澳大利亚时
2 先降（1930 70，1940 50，1950 50）再升（1960 70，1970 75）后降（1980 52）
当X2为新西兰时
2 先降（1930 100, 1940 55）后升（1950 58, 1960 65, 1970 75）再降（1980 65）
当X2为美国时
2 1930-1970之间波动（1930 100, 1940 130, 1950 105, 1960 115, 1970 95）,1970-1980猛增(95-140)
当X2为加拿大时
2 成下降趋势，从1930 120到1980 95，当中有一些小波动
从X1轴来看
2 美国和加拿大基本上在较高的水平上浮动，尤其是美国，1980年居首位（140）
2 英国、澳大利亚和新西兰基本上在较低的水平上浮动，尤其是英国，1930的居末尾（30）
第三步：确定框架
这个图的框架很明显，需要按照5个国家随时间的变化趋势，我们再来细看这5个国家的发展趋势，我们就会发现，英国成上
升趋势，加拿大成下降趋势，美国、新西兰和澳大利亚为波动趋势，其中新西兰和澳大利亚趋势雷同，均为先降后升再降，而美国的趋势是先波动后猛增，应此我们可以把5个趋势合并成4个。但是，我们也不要忘了从X1轴来看的趋势，如美国高位波动，如果字数不够的话，也可把英国低位波动些上去。
精细分析
题目
The table below shows the figures for imprisonment in five countries between 1930 and 1980.
2 平凡无奇的题目，眼花缭乱的图形
第一段
The table shows that the figures for imprisonment in the five countries mentioned indicate no overall pattern of increase or decrease.
2 The figures indicate no overall pattern of increase or decrease. 一句话就将这个图形的无明显特征说出来了。
第二段
In Great Britain the numbers in prison have increased steadily from 30,000 in 1930 to 80,000 in 1980.
2 说明英国的情况，上升趋势
On the other hand in Australia, and particularly in New Zealand, the numbers fell markedly from 1930 to 1940. Since then they have increased gradually, apart from in 1980 when the numbers in prison in New Zealand fell by about 30,000 from the 1970 total.
2 on the other hand 引出了澳大利亚和新西兰的情况，因为两者的变化情况类似，均是先降后升再降
2 表示时间的表达：from 1930 to 1940, since then, in 1980, from the 1970 total
2 表示升降关系的表达：fall markedly, increase gradually
2 注意将一个变化阶段用介词短语的形式表达，如apart from in 1980 when… 这样就能够将句子表达复杂
Canadais the only in which the numbers in prison have decreased over the period 1930 to 1980, although there have been fluctuations in this trend.
2 说明加拿大的情况，整体上是下降，注意对有波动的表达 although there have been fluctuations in this trend.
The figures for the United States indicate the greatest number of prisoners compared to the other four countries but population size needs to be taken into account in this analysis.
2 说明了美国犯罪率高位波动的情形，注意compared to the other countries修饰的是the United States
2 but population size needs to be taken into account in this analysis作者还做了一点小小的发挥
The prison population in the United States increased rapidly from 1970 to 1980 and this must be worrying trend.
2 美国的变化也是波动，但是作者只是谈到了1970-1980的情况
词汇句型积累
澳大利亚和新西兰的变化趋势的描述是一个典型的波动详细描述，波动描述主要涉及到时间、趋势和数量三个基本要素，而且需要注意的是，需要将某些波动归纳在一起，形成一个复杂句，否则句子将显得过于琐碎。
2 变化1：The numbers fell markedly from 1930 to 1940.
2 变化2：Since then they have increased gradually，since then(the year 1940)将这句和上面那句联系起来
2 变化3：apart from in 1980 when the numbers fell from the 1970 total. 一个apart from引出了第三阶段变化，而且这个是先说终点（in 1980），再说起点 from the 1970 total
