联合国气候变化框架公约》第15次缔约方会议暨《京都议定书》第五次缔约方会议(联合国气候变化大会,UN Climate Change Conference)于12月7日在丹麦首都哥本哈根的召开使“低碳”顿时成为闪亮登场,成为媒体高频词语,同时也成为今年最受关注的流行词语。与此同时,以“低碳经济”为先导,“碳足迹”、“低碳技术”、“低碳发展”、“低碳生活方式”、“低碳社会”、“低碳城市”、“低碳世界”等一系列新概念、新政策应运而生,成为人们耳熟能详的流行语。关注热点实事不仅是一种积累例子的有效手段而且是练习阅读的绝佳方法。下面我们来看一下专家解读“低碳生活”。
从社会语言学角度来说,流行语不仅仅是语言符号,它们是社会变化发展的缩影,从特定角度表达着人们的价值观念和文化心态,真实地映照出社会现象和时代的变迁。流行语中有为数不少的一部分属于外来语。改革开放以来,随着中西文化多方位、多渠道的接触与交流,反映当代西方文化的名词术语更是大量涌入中华文化和汉语中,成为人们日常生活中的常用词汇,有相当一部分曾经是各个阶段的流行语, 如“次贷危机”就是subprime loan/lengding/mortgage/mortgage loan crisis等。
既然一部分流行语属于外来语,那么,从英语学习的角度来说,掌握这些最新流行语无疑有利于我们提高英语表达能力。为此,本文特收集整理一些与“低碳经济”密切相关的英语词语,附录相关例句,以方便广大的英语学习者掌握一些最新的相关表达。
1. 低碳经济,即low-carbon economy。网络百科全书维基百科收录有low-carbon economy词条,其篇首第一句话如下:A Low-Carbon Economy (LCE) or Low-Fossil-Fuel Economy (LFFE) is a concept that refers to an economy which has a minimal output of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions into the biosphere, but specifically refers to the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide.值得说明的是,虽然目前网络搜索结果显示,“低碳”的英文有的写成low carbon,有的写成low-carbon,但总体上说还是使用连字符号的居多,如美联社12月7日关于哥本哈根联合国气候变化大会召开的新闻报道中有这么一句话:On the sidelines, climate activists competed for attention to their campaigns on deforestation, clean energy and low-carbon growth。
2. 碳足迹,即carbon footprint。简单地说,碳足迹是用来衡量我们在日常生活中消耗的二氧化碳的一种方式。无论是开车上班、乘飞机旅行,还是使用电灯、电脑,我们都消耗石油、煤和天然气等化石燃料。这些化石燃料在燃烧时,会排放出诸如二氧化碳之类导致地球变暖的温室气体。对于carbon footprint,维基百科有如下定义:A carbon footprint is "the total set of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions caused by an organization, event or product". For simplicity of reporting, it is often expressed in terms of the amount of carbon dioxide, or its equivalent of other GHGs, emitted. 相关表达见如下例句:A new purpose-built office complex that will offer eco-friendly accommodation across 66,250 square feet is under construction in Wales. It is reported that the Cardiff Waterside project, entitled 3 Assembly Square, forms part of a £140 million construction project and will aim to offer business in the area an environment that has a lower carbon footprint than traditional office space. 上述句子的背景是,英国政府成立了一个The Low Carbon Building Programme (LCBP),即低碳建筑计划,维基百科解释说,LCBP is a Government programme in the United Kingdom administered by BERR (formerly the DTI). It offers grants towards the cost of installing domestic microgeneration technologies and larger scale distributed generation installations for public buildings and businesses, provided energy conservation standards are also met.英语作文
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