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初中英语句型分类知识点详解

初中英语句型分类知识点详解：一般否定句与特指否定句

　　1. 一般否定句

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　　句型1[主语+特殊定式动词+not+行为动词或表语+其他]

　　1. China of today is not what it was thirty years ago.

　　2. "Isn't that Teddy Thomson out?"-"I think it's him, but I can't be a hundred percent sure."

　　3. "Oh, sir, he can't have said such a thing! He can't have spoken like that to you, sir!"

　　4. We must not wait for favors from Nature; we must take them from her.

　　5. I haven't finished the book yet. 6. Money could not buy happiness.

　　[注1] He is no fool. Great barkers are no biters.

　　句型2[主语+do(does, did)+ not+行为动词+其他]

　　1. Sorrow doesn't buy bread. 2. Pure gold does not dread fire.

　　3. "Why is Mr. Cooper so angry today?"-"I don't know why."

　　4. "They did not steal so much."-"I don't care how much." He said, "… A thief is a thief."

　　句型3[主语+ 行为动词+ no/not+宾语+其他]

　　1. A rolling stone gathers no moss.

　　2. Viola, hearing this, knew not how to behave, nor how to answer her.

　　3. I know not what course others may take, but, as for me, give me liberty or give me death!

　　4. We are fleet-winged men at arms; we fear not mountains high or rivers deep.

　　句型4[There be+ no/not/not any+主语(+状语)]

　　1. There was no well in the village at that time.

　　2. Oliver Twist was born in a workhouse… There were no aunts, no sisters, no cousins, no grand mothers.

　　3. There is not a moment to be lost. 4. There is no holding back the wheel of history

　　[附注] 一般否定句的其他表达方式：

　　1. Who knows it? (=No one knows it.) Dare he do it? (=He dare not do it.)

　　2. God only knows! (=No one knows.) As if I would allow it! (= I would certainly not allow it.)

　　3. Catch me doing that!

　　4. If I do I am a villain. (=I will not do.) Do that again if you dare.

　　5. In Heaven, an angel is nobody in particular. They shun personal fame and gains.

　　6. The city and the areas around it are an ice-free port and a nuclear weapon-free zone. The building is in a state of neglect.

　　7. She stood still, trying winly (in vain) to answer the battery of questions raised by the reporters.

　　8. I dislike the idea very much. Mr. White has refrained from making any official comment on the coup in that country. Yesterday she failed to get to school on time. The evidence is conclusive, excluding all possibilities of doubt. They excluded children (from) getting in. We'll forever live up to what the party expects of us. Avoid operating the keys roughly. She was refused admittance by them.

　　9. Slips are scarcely avoidable when you're new to your work. He is ignorant of conditions at the levels. Our PLA is worthy of being called a great army pf the people.

　　10. The meetings were marked by such an absence of lively discussions that at times they were almost on the point of breaking up. Lei Feng's noble deeds are above all praise. To do this is beyond my ability. He is out of the office. (= He is not in the office.) Tom is away from Cambridge. (= Tom is not at Cambridge.) It is far from perfect. That served to strengthen instead of weaken our determination (or: That strengthened, rather than weakened, our determination.) The truth is quite other than what you think. I know better than to quarrel.

　　2. 特指否定句

　　句型5[…not+非谓语成分…]

　　1. Not a soul was anywhere visible. 2. You must always remember not to become conceited.

　　3. The teacher told his pupils not to make such a mistake again.

　　4. I went to see him off, not to meet him. 5. We felt sorry for not coming on time

　　句型6[主语+否定式谓语+(宾语)+状语或从句(被否定部分)]

　　1. I don't think it is right to make such hasty decision. 2. I'm not feeling very well today.

　　3. I don't believe that he will come tomorrow.

　　4. You can't judge a thing only by its looks.

　　5. He's studying English now, but he doesn't speak English very well yet.

　　6. People did not shake off colonialist's yoke in order to put on hegemonist's yoke.

　　7. Don't think ill of me because I use her help. She gives it cheerfully as you see…

初中英语定语从句知识点：关系代词引导的定语从句

　　1.who指人，在从句中做主语

　　(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.

　　(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.

　　2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。

　　(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about.

　　注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。

　　(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.

　　3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略

　　(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主语)

　　(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做宾语)

　　4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom;指物时，相当于which。

　　在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。

　　(5) The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (在句子中做主语)

　　(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? (在句子中做宾语)

　　5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语

　　(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.

　　(2) I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.

　　whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替

　　(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.

　　=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.

　　(5)Do you like the book whose color is yellow?

　　=Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?

初中英语定语从句知识点：关系副词引导的定语从句

　　1.关系副词也可以引导定语从句

　　关系副词在从句中分别表示时间.地点或原因。关系副词when在从句中充当时间状语，where 充当地点状语，why充当原因状语。

　　2. that可引导定语从句表示时间.地点或原因

　　That有时可以代替关系副词 when, where 或者why引导定语从句表示时间.地点或原因，在 that引导的这种定语从句中，that也可以省去。

　　返回：初中英语知识点详解——定语从句篇

　　初中英语定语从句知识点：限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句

　　1.二者差异比较

　　限制定语从句紧跟先行词，同先行词这间一般不加逗号，仅修饰先行词，可以由关系代词.关系副词或that来引导。非限制性定语从句仅作补充或说明，用逗号与主句隔开，既可修饰先行词，又可修饰整个主句，不可用that引导。

　　2.关系代词和关系副词的选择依据

　　弄清代替先行词的关系词在从句中作什么成分,作状语的应选用关系副词，作主语.宾语或表语的可选用关系代词。

　　3. 先行词与定语从句隔离

　　定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后，但定语从句与先行词之间有时也会插入别的成分，构成先行词与定语从句的隔离。例如：

　　1) This is the article written by him that Is poke to you about.

　　2) He was the only person in this country who was invited.

初中英语定语从句知识点：As在定语从句中的用法

　　1. 引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

　　(1)as多与such 或the same连用，可以代替先行词是人或物的名词。

　　(2)as 也可单独使用，引导非限制性定语从句，作用相当于which。例如：

　　The elephant's nose is like a snake, as anybody can see.

　　(3)the same… that与 the same …as在意思上是不同的。

　　2.As引导的非限制性定语从句的位置

　　as引导的.非限制性定语从句位置较灵活，可以位于主句前面.中间或后面，一般用逗号与主句隔开，但which所引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。例如：

　　(1) As is expected, the England team won the football match.

　　(2) The earth runs around the sun, as is known by everyone.

初中英语定语从句知识点：that在定语从句中的用法

　　(1)不用that的情况

　　(a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时。

　　(错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, Is very famous here.

　　(b) 介词后不能用。

　　We depend on the land from which we get our food.

　　We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.

　　(2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况

　　(a) 在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。

　　(b) 在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。

　　(c) 先行词有the only, the very,the same,the last,just修饰时，只用that。

　　(d) 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that,不能用which。.

　　(e) 先行词既有人，又有物时。

　　(f) 先行词指物，在主句中作表语时.

　　(g) 为了避免重复.

　　(h)先行词是the way或the reason时，that可作关系副词，也可省略

　　(i) 主句的主语是疑问词who /which时

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