考研英语阅读理解

2021-07-29 手机访问：考研英语阅读理解

鸟欲高飞先振翅，人求上进先读书。学习英语，需要把陌生的单词片语和句型语法不断的熟悉和熟练，使之成为我们的一种习惯。重复重复再重复，熟练熟练再熟练，是学会英语的不二法门。下面是作文地带给大家整理的一些考研英语阅读理解的学习资料，希望对大家有所帮助。

考研英语阅读模拟试题

In the last half of the nineteenth century capital and labor were enlarging and perfecting their rival organizations on modern lines. Many an old firm was replaced by a limited liability company with a bureaucracy of salaried managers. The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large professional element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders. It was moreover a step away from individual initiative, towards collectivism and municipal and state-owned business. The railway companies, though still private business managed for the benefit of shareholders, were very unlike old family business. At the same time the great municipalities went into business to supply lighting, trams and other services to the taxpayers.

The growth of the limited liability company and municipal business had important consequences. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business. All through the nineteenth century, America, Africa, India, Australia and parts of Europe were being developed by British capital, and British shareholders were thus enriched by the world's movement towards industrialization. Towns like Bournemouth and East Bourne sprang up to house large comfortable classes who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders' meeting to dictate their orders to the management. On the other hand Shareholding meant leisure and freedom which was used by many of the later Victorians for the highest purpose of a great civilization.

The shareholders as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen employed by the company in which he held shares, and his influence on the relations of capital and labour was not good. The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the men and their demands, but even he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business now passing away. Indeed the mere size of operations and the numbers of workmen involved rendered such personal relations impossible. Fortunately, however, the increasing power and organisation of the trade unions, at least in all skilled trades, enabled the workmen to meet on equal terms the managers of the companies who employed them. The cruel discipline of the strike and lockout taught the two parties to respect each other's strength and understand the value of fair negotiation.

1.It's true of the old family firms that ________.

(A)they were spoiled by the younger generations

(B)they failed for lack of individual initiative

(C)they lacked efficiency compared with modern companies

(D)they could supply adequate services to the taxpayers

2.The growth of limited liability companies resulted in ________.

(A)the separation of capital from management

(B)the ownership of capital by managers

(C)the emergence of capital and labour as two classes

(D)the participation of shareholders in municipal business

3.According to the passage, all of the following are true except that ________.

(A)the shareholders were unaware of the needs of the workers

(B)the old firm owners had a better understanding of their workers

(C)the limited liability companies were too large to run smoothly

(D)the trade unions seemed to play a positive role

4.The author is most critical of ________.

(A)family firm owners　　(B)landowners

(C)managers　　　　　　(D)shareholders

考研英语阅读模拟题

At 18， Ashanthi DeSilva of suburban Cleveland is a living symbol of one of the great intellectual achievements of the 20th century. Born with an extremely rare and usually fatal disorder that left her without a functioning immune system (the “bubble-boy disease，” named after an earlier victim who was kept alive for years in a sterile plastic tent)， she was treated beginning in 1990 with a revolutionary new therapy that sought to correct the defect at its very source， in the genes of her white blood cells. It worked. Although her last gene-therapy treatment was in 1992， she is completely healthy with normal immune function， according to one of the doctors who treated her， W. French Anderson of the University of Southern California. Researchers have long dreamed of treating diseases from hemophilia to cancer by replacing mutant genes with normal ones. And the dreaming may continue for decades more. “There will be a gene-based treatment for essentially every disease，” Anderson says， “within 50 years.”

It's not entirely clear why medicine has been so slow to build on Anderson's early success. The National Institutes of Health budget office estimates it will spend $432 million on gene-therapy research in 2005， and there is no shortage of promising leads. The therapeutic genes are usually delivered through viruses that don't cause human disease. “The virus is sort of like a Trojan horse，” says Ronald Crystal of New York Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical College. “The cargo is the gene.”

At the University of Pennsylvania's Abramson Cancer Center， immunologist Carl June recently treated HIV patients with a gene intended to help their cells resist the infection. At Cornell University， researchers are pursuing gene-based therapies for Parkinson's disease and a rare hereditary disorder that destroys children's brain cells. At Stanford University and the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia， researchers are trying to figure out how to help patients with hemophilia who today must inject themselves with expensive clotting drugs for life. Animal experiments have shown great promise.

But somehow， things get lost in the translation from laboratory to patient. In human trials of the hemophilia treatment， patients show a response at first， but it fades over time. And the field has still not recovered from the setback it suffered in 1999， when Jesse Gelsinger， an 18-year-old with a rare metabolic disorder， died after receiving an experimental gene therapy at the University of Pennsylvania. Some experts worry that the field will be tarnished further if the next people to benefit are not patients but athletes seeking an edge. This summer， researchers at the Salk Institute in San Diego said they had created a “marathon mouse” by implanting a gene that enhances running ability; already， officials at the World Anti-Doping Agency are preparing to test athletes for signs of “gene doping.” But the principle is the same， whether you're trying to help a healthy runner run faster or allow a muscular-dystrophy patient to walk. “Everybody recognizes that gene therapy is a very good idea，” says Crystal. “And eventually it's going to work.”

1. The case of Ashanthi Desilva is mentioned in the text to ____________.

[A] show the promise of gene-therapy

[B] give an example of modern treatment for fatal diseases

[C] introduce the achievement of Anderson and his team

[D] explain how gene-based treatment works

2. Anderson‘s early success has ________________.

[A] greatly speeded the development of medicine

[B] brought no immediate progress in the research of gene-therapy

[C] promised a cure to every disease

[D] made him a national hero

3. Which of the following is true according to the text?

[A] Ashanthi needs to receive gene-therapy treatment constantly.

[B] Despite the huge funding， gene researches have shown few promises.

[C] Therapeutic genes are carried by harmless viruses.

[D] Gene-doping is encouraged by world agencies to help athletes get better scores.

4. The word “tarnish” (line 5， paragraph 4) most probably means ____________.

[A] affect

[B] warn

[C] trouble

[D] stain

5. From the text we can see that the author seems ___________.

[A] optimistic

[B] pessimistic

[C] troubled

[D] uncertain

答案：A B C D A

考研英语阅读理解精读

Some of the concerns surrounding Turkey's application to join the European Union， to be voted on by the EU's Council of Ministers on December 17th， are economic-in particular， the country's relative poverty. Its GDP per head is less than a third of the average for the 15 pre-2004 members of the EU. But it is not far off that of one of the ten new members which joined on May 1st 2004 (Latvia)， and it is much the same as those of two countries， Bulgaria and Romania， which this week concluded accession talks with the EU that could make them full members on January 1st 2007.

Furthermore， the country's recent economic progress has been， according to Donald Johnston， the secretary-general of the OECD， “stunning”。 GDP in the second quarter of the year was 13.4% higher than a year earlier， a rate of growth that no EU country comes close to matching. Turkey's inflation rate has just fallen into single figures for the first time since 1972， and this week the country reached agreement with the IMF on a new three-year， $10 billion economic programme that will， according to the IMF's managing director， Rodrigo Rato， “help Turkey…… reduce inflation toward European levels， and enhance the economys resilience”。

Resilience has not historically been the country's economic strong point. As recently as 2001， GDP fell by over 7%. It fell by more than 5% in 1994， and by just under 5% in 1999. Indeed， throughout the 1990s growth oscillated like an electrocardiogram recording a violent heart attack. This irregularity has been one of the main reasons (along with red tape and corruption) why the country has failed dismally to attract much-needed foreign direct investment. Its stock of such investment (as a percentage of GDP) is lower now than it was in the 1980s， and annual inflows have scarcely ever reached $1 billion (whereas Ireland attracted over $25 billion in 2003， as did Brazil in every year from 1998 to 2000)。

One deterrent to foreign investors is due to disappear on January 1st 2005. On that day， Turkey will take away the right of virtually every one of its citizens to call themselves a millionaire. Six noughts will be removed from the face value of the lira; one unit of the local currency will henceforth be worth what 1m are now-ie， about EUR0.53 ($0.70)。 Goods will have to be priced in both the new and old lira for the whole of the year， but foreign bankers and investors can begin to look forward to a time in Turkey when they will no longer have to juggle mentally with indeterminate strings of zeros.

1. What is Turkey's economic situation now?

[A] Its GDP per head is far lagging behind that of the EU members.

[B] Its inflation rate is still rising.

[C] Its economy grows faster than any EU member.

[D] Its economic resilience is very strong.

2. We can infer from the second paragraph that__________.

[A] Turkey will soon catch the average GDP level of the 15 pre-2004 EU members

[B] inflation rate in Turkey used to be very high

[C] Turkey's economy will keep growing at present rate

[D] IMF's economic program will help Turkey join the EU

3. The word “oscillated” (Line 3， Paragraph 3) most probably means_________.

[A] fell