Tess of the d'Urbervilles, background of works takes place under a very grave situation that capital brings disaster to the partial rural individual small-scale peasant economy of Britain. It shows a brief of a rural girl Tess and burns it miserably. Tess of woman protagonist, d'Urbervilles is that one is pure, kindhearted, beautiful, strong and the rural woman image of Britain with spirit of revolt. Tess’s life is being surrounded by peaceful and beautiful hills, nine people of one family relying on father’s small business cultivating with one old horse on the land. Tess, as the eldest daughter of the family bears much responsibility, including her parents' advice by every means, letting her recognize the so-called distant relative -- d'Urbervilles. Tess has deep love for working, and she never feel ashamed for her own poor origin, and she also hated the connections with " the distant relative "3. And Tess reach d’Urbervilles’s house, under pressure of the family, on one weekend evening, the son of d’Urbervilles, Alec, stained the helpless young girl. Her destiny transferred from then on. She has illegitimate children, and has done baptism for this child, but lost him again. She met Clare and fall in love with him, but her honesty on newly married night, Clare makes diverge from she. During the day that the husband leaves away, Tess has no way under the pressure of the helplessness, have come back to Alec's side. And the returning of Angel Clare makes Tess fall into incomparable, she hate the limit of reaching to Alec, so she killed him in all desperation. And after the happy life with the Angel Clare in a few days, she finally accepted " murderer "4's criminal law calmly. Though Tess catch transient and have a great one tragic, tragic burning from her, we have seen that she keeps resisting, resisting the unfair society, the traditional morals, the hypocritical religion, and the unfortunate marriage. So, from the point view of Angel, Tess is a misfortune person in the story, but not a weak one. What Hardy entrusted to Tess is that she is insulted, but has women's image of having spirit of revolt. She is not a person who set off in the novel, but rules the woman protagonist completely of the whole novel.
First, fight to the moribund society.
In last 30 years of the 19th century, British society carried out the transition to monopoly capitalism from non-monopoly capitalism, British capitalist class became parasitic, moribund and reactionary and remarkable day by day. After the seventies of the 19th century, Britain lost the monopoly position of the industry and commerce in the world, though it is still the center of the finance of the world. Inside, agricultural crisis and industrial crisis have strengthened class contradiction. In 1970s and 1980s, Liberal Party and the Conservative Party were in power in turn, gave in timidly inwards, win the labor aristocracy over by any means, and implement the crazy colonial policy to the outside. At the end of the1980s, the beginning of the 1990s, opportunism still dominated in Federation of British Industries organized, but with the intensification of the domestic contradiction, the labor movement becomes active again. The raw new unions of labor organization, the struggle that launch the strike and demonstrate, suffer the government's bloody suppression. The end of the 19th century, at the beginning of the 20th century, Whitehall strengthened militarism to rule, launch the cloth war of South Africa, join and suppress the Eight Strategic Nerve Points of the Yihetuan, and step up exploiting the working people, increase the taxes, class contradiction is sharpened unprecedented, a lot of huge strikes have taken place. As industrial movement swept England in the 19th century, People pour into countryside in crowds, as wild animal pray on like the animal occupying that land liberated. In a short period of time, Britain rural resident many time since the period of Louis 14, and the number of people is also running up ……People have found the work suitable for themselves, have given up those jobs that will inevitable be failed. City invades countryside, and between invader and ancient times those the warlike invader is the same, assimilated by the force around them, has become a cottar. When the number of them has exceeded the urbanite, they have exercised an influence on urbanite again. So, the difference between the city and village becomes smaller and smaller, the urbanite's thought and lively style make the village getting vigorous.  Been classified as eliminating the differentials between town and country of the socialist goal by us all the time, it was that falling has been realized like this unexpectedly here. Especially, Woman has to oppress seriously from moribund society, it cause to grow spirit of revolt. Tess is the one of these women.