make-to-order (adj.) referring to products which are made after receipt of the customer’s order

　　make-to-stock (adj.) referring to products that are made before a customer order is placed; ‘off-the-shelf’

　　manning (n.) organization of workers needed for a job人员配备

　　[例]  Manning refers to a specific organization of workers need for a job.

　　markup (n.) amount added to the cost price to reach the sale price加价，毛利

　　[例]  the retailer’s mark-up