英语集合名词用法说明
一、family类
family(家庭),team(队),class(班),audience(听众)等集合名词,其用法特点为:若视为整体,表示单数意义;若考虑其个体成员,表示复数意义。比较:
This class consists of 45 pupils. 这个班由45个学生组成。
This class are reading English now. 这个班的学生在读英语。
二、police类
cattle(牛,牲畜),people(人),police(警察)等集合名词,其用法特点为:只有单数形式, 但却表示复数意义,用作主语时谓语用复数;不与 a(n) 连用,但可与the连用(表示总括意义和特指):
People will laugh at you. 人们会笑你的。[page]分页标题[/page]
The police are looking for him. 警察在找他。
Many cattle were killed for this. 就因为这个原因宰了不少牲畜。
【注】表示牲畜的头数,用单位词 head(单复数同形):three head of cattle (3头牛),twenty (head of ) cattle (20头牛)。
三、goods类
goods(货物), clothes(衣服)等,其用法特点是:只有复数形式(当然也表示复数意义,用作主语时谓语也用复数),但通常不与数词连用:
Such clothes are very expensive. 那样的衣服很贵。
To whom do these goods belong? 这些货是谁的?
四、baggage类
baggage / luggage(行李), clothing(衣服), furniture(家具), machinery(机器), poetry(诗), scenery(风景), jewelry(珠宝), equipment(设备)等, 其用法特点为:是不可数名词,只用单数形式,不用不定冠词(当然更不能用数词),没有复数形式:[page]分页标题[/page]
Our clothing protects us from [against] the cold. 我们的衣服可以御寒。
Have you checked all your baggage? 你所有行李都托运了吗?
【注】machinery, poetry, jewelry, scenery等相应的个体可数名词是 machine, poem, jewel, scene等。如:a poem / a piece of poetry(一首诗),many machines / much machinery / many pieces of machinery(许多机器)。
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