七．过去完成时：had + 过去分词
1．表示过去某个动作或某个具体时间之前已经发生、完成的动作。“过去的过去”。
● They had got everything ready before I came.
● The play had begunbefore I got to the theater with my boyfriend.
2．过去完成时常用于 hardly / scarcely ... when, no sooner ... than等固定句型结构中。（此乃超级重点句型，意为：“一……就”）
● She had hardly / scarcely gone to bed when the bell rang.
● No sooner had he arrived at the railway station than he met her parents.
（注意 no sooner 在句首时句型倒装。）
3．intend（打算），mean（意味），hope（希望），want（想要），plan（计划）等动词的过去完成时用来表示本打算做而没有做的事。
● I had intended to call on you yesterday, but someone came to see me just when I was about to leave.
（……原想昨天去看你……）
● They had planed to hold a football match last week, but they had to cancel it because the bad weather.
（……原计划上周举行一场足球赛……）