五.现在完成时:have / has + 过去分词
1.表示过去所发生的动作对现在的影响或产生的结果。常与yet,just,before,recently,lately(最近),ever,never等表时间的副词搭配使用。
● He hasn't seen her lately.
● I haven't finished the book yet.
2.表示一个从过去某个时间开始,延续到现在并可能持续下去的动作,常与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。如:so far(迄今为止),up till now(直到现在),since, for a long time(很长时间),up to present(直到现在),in the past / in the last few years(在过去的几年里),these days(目前)……
►. He has worked here for 15 years.
►. I have studied English since I came here.
►. The foreigner has been away from
►. So far, I haven't received a single letter from my brother.
3.某些非延续性动词(即:动作开始便终止的动词),在现在完成时中不能与表示一段时间状语搭配。
黄金要点:
I.常见的非延续动词:die, arrive(到达),join(加入),leave(离开),go, refuse(拒 绝),fail(失败),finish,buy,marry,divorce(离婚),awake(醒) ,buy,borrow,lend ...(背三遍!)
II.这类动词并非不能用现在完成时,而是不能接常由for引导的时间状语。liuxuepaper.com