4) 带复合宾语的动词在改为被动语态时,一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语,宾语补足语保留在谓语后面。We always keep the classroom clean. (比较:The classroom is always kept clean.) 5)主动形式表示被动意义的
4) 带复合宾语的动词在改为被动语态时,一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语,宾语补足语保留在谓语后面。We always keep the classroom clean.
(比较:The classroom is always kept clean.)
5)主动形式表示被动意义的词。常见的有:
a.主动形式,这时动名词同句中的主语有动宾关系。
The children need looking after.
The windows wants /requires repairing.
This point deserves mentioning.
b.有些及物动词后须加副词 (如:well, easily等), 有些可不加,如:act, clean, cut, draw, lock, open, play, read, sell, shut, strike, wash, write 等。
The cloth washes/ sells well.
The door won’t shut. The play won’t act.
c. 形容词worth后直接加动名词时,如:The book is worth reading twice.
某些作表语的形容词后,用不定式主动形式表示被动意义。
The fish is not fit to eat.
d. 某些感官动词(如:feel, look, prove, smell , sound, taste, wear等) 与形容词连用时:The water feels very cold.
The dish tastes delicious.
6) 以下动词构成的句子不能改为被动句:
a. 动词leave, enter, reach 等的宾语是表示处所、地点(国家、团体,组织、军队)等。
b. 表示状态的动词,如:become, benefit, cost, contain, equal, fit, fail, have, lack, last, mean, suit, look like等。
c. 下列不及物动词及短语:appear, belong to , break out, die, happen, lie, occur, rise, take place, agree with, belong to, consist of , have on, keep up with 及一些固定词组,如 keep words, lose heart, make a face等。
d. 宾语是反身代词,相互代词,同源代词,不定式,动名词,抽象名词等。
7)汉语有一类句子不出现主语,在英语中一般可用被动结构表示。如:
据说…… 希望……
据推测说… 必须承认……
必须指出… 众所周知……
有人会说….. 大家认为…..
有人相信……
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