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双语版希腊神话四则
希腊神话【45】泰索尼斯Tithonus
Tithonus
Every day，when Helios drove his wonderful horses and his fiery carriage across the sky，it was Aurora who opened the gates of pearl and drew back the dark curtains of the night；for Aurora was the goddess of the dawn .She was so beautiful that the whole sky became pink with pleasure when she appeared in the east．
On the earth lived a man called Tithonus，who loved Aurora so well that he never failed to leave his bed while it was still dark，to watch for her coming．Aurora loved Tithonus too，and one day she flew to the king of the gods，and begged of him that Tithonus might be given a cup of magic liquid ，and so become living forever．
Zeus allowed this request， and Aurora took Tithonus up to Mount Olympus to live in her golden house.
The goddess had forgotten to ask that Tithonus might never grow old．Therefore，the time came when gray hairs could be seen among his golden curls . Aurora was kind to him in spite of this，and continued to give him beautiful clothes，and to feed him on the food of the gods．Still， Tithonus grew older and older，and in time，after several hundred years，he was so old that he could not move at all．Little was left of him but his voice ，and even that had grown high and thin． Then he was so weak that he had to be shut up in a room，for safekeeping．Aurora felt so sorry to see him become weaker and weaker in this way that she changed him into a little insect，and sent him down to the earth again，where men called him the grasshopper．
Very glad to be free and active once more，Tithonus jumped about in the fields all day，chirping happily to Aurora.
泰索尼斯
每天赫利阿斯驾着他的神马和红马车走过天空时，也就是欧洛拉撩起夜晚的黑幕打开珍珠般雪白大门的时间，欧洛拉是晨曦女神。她很美丽，所以她在东方出现时，整个天空都发出可爱的粉红色的光芒。
地球上有个叫泰索尼斯的凡人，他很爱欧洛拉，所以天还没有亮时他就起床，以免错过看她的来临。欧洛拉也爱泰索尼斯，所以一天她去见众神之王要求赐给泰索尼斯一杯神祗的甘液让他能永远活着。
宙斯答应了她的要求，欧洛拉就带泰索尼斯到奥林波斯山上她的金屋生活。
这位女神忘记要求让泰索尼斯永远年轻。所以时间到了，他金黄的卷发中可以看到白头发了。虽然这样，欧洛拉还是对他很好，给他穿漂亮的衣服，吃神祗的食物。可是泰索尼斯还是一直老下去，几百年以后他已经老得无法行动了。甚至他仅剩的声音也变得又高又尖。他身体很虚弱，以致为了安全必须把他锁在房间内。欧洛拉着他身体那样虚弱很难过，就把他变成一只小虫送到地球上，人类叫他蚱蜢。
泰索尼斯很高兴能再自由行动，就整天在田野里乱跳，同时很愉快地对欧洛拉叫着。
商务书信中招呼用语的正确写法
商务书信中恰当的招呼用语，也就是称呼语既要考虑到与收信人的熟悉程度也要考虑到信本身的正式与否。
Salutation should be considered on the basis of your familiarity with the reader as well as the formality of the situation. As a general rule, if the writer knows the reader well, he can salute the reader by the first name (Dear John). Salutation by the family name is, however, appropriate in most cases.
When a department or the whole company rather than an individual is addressed, the following salutation fits well:
Windsor Knitting Mill, Inc.
315 commercial Way
St. Louise Missouri 63108
Ladies and Gentlemen: or Dear Sir or Madam:
Take particular care that the sexist words such as sirs, gentlemen and madam are outdated and very inappropriate in business today. Hence you'd better stay away from using the following salutations which might get you into trouble with some readers.
Dear Sirs: Gentlemen: Dear Messrs. To Whom It May Concern:
The correct punctuation for most business salutation is colon. Sometimes comma can also be used if you are on good terms with the reader. Be sure never to use semicolon.
希腊神话【46】雅典娜Athena
Athena
On one occasion Zeus suffered a bad headache．All the gods，including Apollo，the god of medicine ，had tried uselessly to offer an effective treatment ．Then the father of gods and men asked Hephaestus to open his head．This the god of the fire did．To the wonder of all the Olympians，a goddess，well-grown and full-armed，came out of Zeus' head．The goddess was giving off light and splendor. She was Athena，goddess of wisdom and knowledge and patroness of Athens ．
The story of Athena becoming patron goddess of Athens concerns the struggle between the goddess and Poseidon．When the city of Athens was first built by a Phoenician ，both Poseidon and Athena competed for the honour of naming it．It was then agreed that whoever offered the most useful object for men would become the patron of the city．Poseidon struck the ground with his trident and produced a horse，whereas Athena had an olive tree to present，a symbol of peace and plenty．As the horse was regarded as struggle and sorrow， Athens was named after the goddess，who soon took the city under her protection．
Athena was the goddess of arts and crafts and woman' s handiwork．She was so skilled with her hands that she tolerated no challenge to her skill in this respect ． A Lydian maid，Arachne by name，did not seem to think much of Athena's skill，for she frequently talked big that she could beat the goddess if she had the chance to do so．The goddess was quite angry．
Dressed up as an old woman，she went to advise Arachne to be modest．But the ignorant crafts woman bravely asked the goddess herself to come down and compete with her．At this the goddess took off her disguise and accepted the competition. The two women immediately set about making different designs．
While the goddess worked on the story of her rivalry with Poseidon，Arachne began to make a delicate web．When both pieces were finished，Arachne saw，to her surprise，that she had been beaten，for the goddess' design was infinitely better．She felt so shamed that she tied a piece of silk to hang herself．But Just before she breathed her last breath the goddess changed her into a spider and let her weave forever．
雅典娜
有一次，宙斯得了严重的头痛症。包括药神阿波罗在内的所有山神都试图对他实施一种有效的治疗，但结果都是徒劳的。众神与人类之父宙斯只好要求火神赫斐斯托斯打开他的头颅。火神那样做了。令奥林波斯山诸神惊讶的是：一位体态婀娜、披坚执锐的女神从裂开的头颅中走了出来，光彩照人，仪态万方。她就是智慧与知识女神雅典娜，也是雅典的守护神。
雅典娜成为雅典的守护神的传说和女神与波塞冬之间的争斗有关。当雅典首次由一个腓尼基人建成时，波塞冬与雅典娜争夺为之命名的荣耀。最后达成协议；能为人类提供最有用东西的人将成为该城的守护神。波塞冬用他的三叉戟敲打地面变出了一匹战马。而雅典娜则变出了一棵橄榄树——和平与富裕的象征。因战马被认为是代表战争与悲伤，因此雅典就以女神的名字命名。女神很快将该城纳入她的保护之中。
雅典娜是艺术、工艺和妇女手工之神，双手灵巧，无法忍受别人的挑战。一位名叫阿瑞克妮的莉迪亚族少女，似乎瞧不起雅典娜的本领，并常吹嘘如有机会定能击败女神雅典娜。一气之下，女神装扮成一位老妇，劝告阿瑞克妮应谦虚一些。但那位愚昧无知的女手艺人，竟勇敢地向她发出挑战。女神卸去伪装，接受了挑战。两位妇女立刻着手创作各自的作品。女神设计的图案叙述了她与波塞冬争斗的.故事，而阿瑞克妮则编织了一张精细的网。之后，阿瑞克妮吃惊地发现自己输了，因女神的作品要好得多。她感到非常羞耻，便用一根丝线自缢。但在咽气之前，女神将她变成了一只蜘蛛，让她永远地编织。
希腊神话【47】潘Pan
Pan
Pan's Parentage was a problem Of Iong argument.BUtmost writers of Greek mythology agree that he was theson of Hermes by the lovely fairy maiden Penelope．Hewas a cold，hairy country monster， with the upper part of a manand the body and legs of a goat．Wandering about in the mountains and woods with other wood gods and cheerful fairy maidens. Pan led a perfectly carefree life．He was admired as the godof woods and pastures ， with prophetic powers．He represented nature and country Iife．In old times he Was honoured as a godwho was good，just and holy．
Pan had a strong desire for women．At one time he loved acharming maiden，Syrinx，but to his disappointment his love was not returned．One day Syrinx left Pan with a fearful step ，which lighted Pan's love all the more．He ran after her and was almost overtaking her when she was turned，at her own request，into a clump of reeds by Mother Earth ．Pan wept bitterly at the change．Sadly he picked some pieces of the reeds and fashtoned apipe ．He played so sweetly on it that Apollo was helpless before him．
At the time of the battle of Marathon Pan met the Athenian messenger to Sparta ．He asked the man to say to the Athenians that，although they did not like him，he still felt kindlytowards them and would aid them in their difficulties．When fighting against enemies went on near Marathon，the Athenians were surprised to see that the Persian soldiers were suddenly seized with a mysterious fear and ran away from the field in disorder．The great Pan had struck into the hearts of the Persians a kind of fear．The fear has been ever since known as panic ．After the war the Athenians gratefully dedicated a temple to Pan ．The sacrifices and games were held in his honour．
潘
潘的父母是谁一直是一个有争议的问题。但是大多数希腊神话作者都认为他是海尔墨斯与可爱的仙子珀湟罗珀之子。潘是一头冷酷、浑身长满毛的乡间野兽，上半身为人，下半身为山羊。他和其它的森林之神及仙女在山林之间闲游，过着完全无拘无束的生活。潘被尊为山林和田园之神，具有预言的能力。他代表着自然和乡村生活，以前他被奉为一位善良、正直神圣的神。
潘对女人有一种强烈的欲望。一次他爱上了一位迷人少女，西瑞克斯。然而令他失望的是，他的爱情没有得到回报。一天西瑞克斯恐惧地逃离潘，结果却使潘的爱情之火更为炽热。潘追逐着西瑞克斯，他几乎赶上了她。这时在西瑞克斯的请求下，大地之母把她变成了一丛芦苇。面对此变，潘放声恸哭。悲哀之中，潘采折了一丛芦苇，制成一支风笛。他吹得如此悦耳，就连阿波罗也无法比得上。
在马拉松战争时期，潘遇见了前往斯巴达的信使。他请求信使转告雅典人：尽管雅典人并不喜欢他，他仍旧愿意友好地对待他们，愿意在他们的困难时期给予帮助。雅典人在马拉松附近与敌人作战时，惊奇地发现波斯士兵突然被一种莫名的恐惧所笼罩，他们混乱地逃离战地。原来伟大的潘给波斯士兵的内心注入了一种恐惧。自此之后，这种恐惧周知为恐慌。战后雅典人满怀感激之情建了一座神庙献给潘，将祭品和猎物敬献给他以示尊敬。
希腊神话【48】海先得斯Hyacinthus
Hyacinthus
Hyacinthus was a beautiful Greek boy who was greatlyloved by Apollo，Apollo often laid aside his golden lyreand his arrows，and came down from Mount Olympus to Join Hyacinthus in his boyish games．The two were often busy all day long，following the huntingdogs over the mountains or setting fish nets in the river or playing at various games．
Their favourite exercise was the throwing of the discus ．The discus was a heavy metal plate about a foot across， whichwas thrown somewhat as the round ring is thrown．One dayApollo threw the discus first，and sent it whirling high up amongthe clouds for the god had great strength．It came down in afine，strong curve，and Hyacinthus ran to pick it up．Then as it fell on the hard earth，the discus bounded up again and struck the boy a cruel blow on his white forehead．
Apollo turned as pale as Hyacinthus，but he could not undo what had been done．He could only hold his friend in hisarms，and see his head bend down like a lily on a broken stem ，while the purple blood from his wound was dropping down to the earth．
There was still one way by which Apollo could make Hyacinthus live，and this was to change him into a flower．So，quickly，before it was too late，he whispered over him certainwords the gods knew，and Hyacinthus became a purple flower，a flower of the colour of the blood that had flowed from his forehead．As the flower unfolded，it showed a strange mark on itspetals ，which looked like the Greek words meaning woe！woe！
Apollo never forgot his boy friend；but sang about him to the accompaniment of his wonderful lyre till the name of Hyacinthus was known and loved all over.
海先得斯
海先得斯是阿波罗所深爱的一个希腊男孩。阿波罗时常放下金七弦琴和弓箭从奥林波斯山下来跟海先得斯玩孩童的游戏。他们两个经常跟着猎狗翻山越岭，到河里捕鱼或者玩各式各样的游戏，天天忙得团团转。
他们最喜欢的运动是掷铁饼。铁饼是一种直径大约一英尺，用重金属做的圆盘，用来像抛铁环一样的掷出去。一天，阿波罗先掷，因为神都有很大的力气，所以阿波罗一掷就掷到高耸的云雾中去了。它循着一种美妙有力的曲线掉下来，海先得斯就跑去捡。可是它碰到坚硬的土地时，铁饼弹了起来毫不仁慈地打在孩子雪白的额头上。
阿波罗的脸色像海先得斯一样苍白，可是他没有办法挽回这已经发生的事情了。他只有把他的朋友抱在手臂里，看着他的头像一朵断茎的百合花垂了下去而紫红的血从伤口流出，也染污了土地。
还有一个阿波罗能使海先得斯活着的办法就是把他变成一朵花。于是在还来得及的时候，阿波罗立刻口里念着神熟悉的一种咒语，海先得斯变成了颜色像他前额流出的血一样的一朵花。这种花开花时，花瓣上显示一种奇特的记号，看起来好像是希腊文，意思是“伤心啊！”
阿波罗无法忘记这位小男孩朋友，就用他神奇的七弦琴伴奏歌颂海先得斯，直到他的名字为全希腊所熟知喜爱。
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