2022年英语四级写作美文赏析（汇总）

　　Is There a Backward Language

　　Culture is the sum total of all the traditions, customs, beliefs,and ways of life of a given group of human beings.In this sense, every group has a culture,however savage, underdeveloped, or uncivilized it may seem to us.To the professional anthropologist,there is no intrinsic superiority of one culture over another,just as to the professional linguist there is no intrinsic rank among languages.

　　People once thought of the languages of backward groups as savage,underdeveloped forms of speech,consisting largely of grunts and groans.While it is possible that language in general began as a series of grunts and groans,it is a fact established,by the study of “backward” languages that no spoken tongue answers that description today.Most languages of uncivilized groups are,by our most severe standards, extremely complex, delicate,and ingenious pieces of machinery for the transfer of ideas.

　　They fall behind our Western languages not in their sound patterns or grammatical structures,which usually are fully adequate for all language needs,but only in their vocabularies,which reflect the objects and activities known to their speakers.Even in this department,however, two things are to be noted:All languages seem to possess the machinery for vocabulary expansion either by putting together words already in existence or by borrowing them from other languages and adapting them to their own system.

　　The objects and activities requiring names and distinctions in “backward” languages,while different from ours, are often surprisingly numerous and complicated.A Western language is distinguishes merely between two degrees of remoteness (“this” and “that”);some languages of the American Indians distinguish between what is close to the speaker,or to the person addressed, or removed from both,or out of sight, or in the past, or in the future.This study of language, in turn,casts a new light upon the claim of the anthropologists that all cultures are to be viewed independently,and without ideas of rank.

2022年英语四级写作美文赏析（汇总）

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作文地带知识拓展:

• 英语（English）属于印欧语系日耳曼语族西日耳曼语支，最早被中世纪的英国使用，并因其广阔的殖民地而成为世界使用面积最广的语言。英国人的祖先盎格鲁部落是后来迁移到大不列颠岛地区的日耳曼部落之一，称为英格兰。这两个名字都来自波罗地海半岛的Anglia。该语言与弗里斯兰语和下撒克森语密切相关，其词汇受到其他日耳曼语族语言的影响，尤其是北欧语（北日耳曼语），并在很大程度上由拉丁文和法文撰写。

  英语的英文释义：

  English 名词 uk  /ˈɪŋ.ɡlɪʃ/ us  /ˈɪŋ.ɡlɪʃ/

  the language that is spoken in the UK, the US, and in many other countries

  英语

  American/British English

  美式／英式英语

  Do you speak English?

  你会说英语吗？

  English   形容词 adjective   uk  /ˈɪŋ.ɡlɪʃ/ us  /ˈɪŋ.ɡlɪʃ/

  in or relating to the English language

  英语的

  an English teacher

  英语老师

  relating to or from England

  英格兰的;英国的

  English films/food/people

  英国电影／食品／人

  English law

  英格兰法律