七、几个易混介词的用法辨析
1.between, among
这两个介词都可以解作“在……之间”。 between常用于两者之间,among一般指在三者或三者以上之间。例如:
He is sitting between Tom and John.
他坐在汤姆和约翰之间。
He is sitting among the comrades.
他坐在同志们中间。
如果指三个以上人或物中的每两个之间时,仍然要用between。例如:
Switzerland lies between France, Italy, Austria and Germany.瑞士位于法国、意大利、奥地利和德国之间。
2. besides. except(=but)
besides与except都可解作“除……之外”,但含义不同。
besides表示“除……以外,还有”,指“在整体中加入一部分”,含义是肯定的。例如:
There are many rivers in China besides the Changjiang and Huanghe.中国除了长江、黄河之外,还有许多河流。
He has other people to take care of besides me.
除了我之外,还有人需要他照顾。
besides还可以用作副词,意为“除此之外”, “此外”,“而且”。例如:
Besides, I enjoy learning about new things from politics to sports and music.此外,我还喜欢了解从政治到体育、音乐的新动态。
except(=but)表示“从整体中除去一部分”,含义是否定的。试比较:
We all went besides him.除他之外,我们大家也都去了。(他去了)
We all went except him.除他之外,我们都去了。(他没有去)
3.like,as
as与like都可以表示“像……”。
as是连词,引导比较状语从句,从句中的动词或整个谓语部分往往可省略。例如:
She runs as fast as he (runs).
她跑得和他一样快。
This book is as interesting as that one (is).
这本书和那本书一样有趣。
as还可以引导方式状语从句。例如:
I work as others do.我像别人一样地工作。
like用作介词,后面接名词或宾格代词。例如:
The building looks like a hospital.
这幢大楼看上去像一所医院。
He is just like everybody else.
他跟别人完全一样。
as也可以用作介词,但与like的意思不同。试比较:
Let me speak to you as a father.
我作为一个父亲在同你说话。
Let me speak to you like a father.
让我像一位父亲那样同你讲话。
4. instead,instead of
instead与instead of的词性与用法都不相同。
instead是副词,意为“代替”,“顶替”,在句子中作状语。例如:
Give me this instead. 换这个给我吧。
instead of主要有两个意思:
(1)“代替”,后面接名词或代词。例如:
He will go instead of me.他将代替我去。
(2)“而不”,后面接动词-ing形式。例如:
She went to school instead of staying at home.
她没有呆在家里而是上学去了。
instead of有时可用来连接两个对等的语法成分,也就是说,它后面可以接形容词、副词或介词短语等。例如:
They went there on foot instead of by bus.
他们没有乘公共汽车而是步行到那里去的。
八、初中课本中常见介词短语分类列举
1.表示时间的介词及介词短语
in, at, on, before, after, till, since, for, from... to, until, by, in the middle of, at the beginning of, at the end of, at halfpast five, at night, in a week, in the morning, in class, at sunrise, in spring/summer/autumn/winter, on Sunday, on Saturday afternoon, on a winter evening, for a long time, for two months, after school, since liberation, before lunch, at the time of, at the age of。 liuxuepaper.com