第一章:基本句型
1. 1基本句型(Basic Sentence Patterns)
英语中的句子千变万化,但是都离不开五个基本句型,这五个基本句型是我们学习英语语法的基本框架结构,具体为:
1) SVC-------主语+动词+主语补语
e.g: Miss Johns is a secretary .
2) SV-------主语+动词
e.g: The flowers are blooming .
3) SVO-------主语+动词+宾语
e.g: We are playing basketball .
4) SVOiOd-------主语+动词+间宾+直宾
e.g: The mother will buy the girl a dress .
5) SVOCo-------主语+动词+宾语+宾语补语
e.g: The parents consider the child a genius .
上述五个基本句型的关键在于谓语动词,因此掌握这五个基本句型及其谓语动词的变化应作为我们学习英语语法的出发点。
1. 2主语(Subject)和谓语(Predicate)
1) 句子有两个最重要的成分,那就是主语和谓语。主语表明这句话说的是谁或者什么情况,谓语说明主语的情况(动作或状态),例如:
主语 谓语
a. Mother is cooking .
b. They are brave .
2) 主语一般由名词或起名词作用的其它词类、短语或从句担任,例如:
a. Quality matters more than quantity.
----------名词作主语
b. A poor man is not necessarily unhappy .
---------名词词组作主语
c. He is the boy’s father.
------------代词作主语
d. Three is not enough .
------------数词作主语
e. To know the disease is half the cure .
---------不定式作主语
f. Talking mends no holes .
---------动词-ing形式作主语
g.Whether or not they will come depends on the weather. -----------名词性从句作主语
3) 谓语主要是由动词或动词短语担任,有时也可由系动词加一个形容词或名词担任。谓语动词的性质决定其是否必须跟主语补语、宾语、宾语补语及状语等后续成分,例如:
a. His sister is a doctor .
--------系动词+主语补语
b. The works are working .
--------不及物动词
c. Grandfather is telling story .
--------及物动词+宾语
d. My friend gave me a book .
-------及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
e.I thought this action unnecessary .
-------及物动词+直接宾语+宾语补语
f. They were sitting before the fire place .
-------不及物动词+状语
g. He will have received the letter by now .
-------及物动词+宾语+状语
1.3 SVC结构(主语+动词+主语补语)
1) 主语的补语-------主语的补语可以由各种成分或形式充当,具体为:liuxuepaper.com